A comprehensive list of literature on Agent Based Models (ABM) in Archaeology. Maintained and created by Iza Romanowska and Lennart Linde.
This project is maintained by ArchoLen
A selected yet comprehensive list of literature and resources on Agent Based Models (ABM) in Archaeology. Maintained and created by Iza Romanowska and Lennart Linde. Know a missing resource or found a broken link? Put up a pull request!
Axtell, R. L., Epstein, J. M., Dean, J. S. Et al. 2002: Population Growth and Collapse in a Multiagent Model of the Kayenta Anasazi in Long House Valley. PNAS 99. 7275–79. Online doi: 10.1073/pnas.092080799
Castellani, B. 2012: Complexity map. Online
Grimm, V., Berger, U. and DeAngelis, D. L. Et al. 2010: The ODD protocol: A review and first update. Ecological Modelling 221. 2760–2768. Online
Kohler, T. A. 2012: Complex Systems and Archaeology. In: Archaeological Theory Today. (Polity Press. Cambridge) Online
Lake, M.W. 2014: Trends in Archaeological Simulation. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 21. 258–287. Online doi: 10.1007/s10816-013-9188-1
Lewin, R., 2000: Complexity: Life at the Edge of Chaos. (University of Chicago Press. Chicago) ISBN: 0226476545
Premo, L.S. 2006: Agent-based models as behavioral laboratories for evolutionary anthropological research. Arizona Anthropologist 17. 91–113. Online
Romanowska, I., Crabtree, S. A., Harris, K. and Davies, B. 2019: Agent-Based Modeling for Archaeologists: Part 1 of 3. Advances in Archaeological Practice 7 (2). 178–84. Online doi: 10.1017/aap.2019.6
Romanowska, I. 2015: So You Think You Can Model? A Guide to Building and Evaluating Archaeological Simulation Models of Dispersals. Human Biology Open Access Pre-Prints 79. Online
if coding in Netlogo:
if coding in Python:
Abar, A., Theodoropoulos, G., Lemarinier, P., O’Hare, G. 2017: Agent Based Modelling and Simulation tools: A review of the state-of-art software, Computer Science Review, Volume 24. 13-33. Online doi: 10.1016/j.cosrev.2017.03.001.
Castellani, B. 2012: Complexity map. Online
Chattoe-Brown, E. 2013: Why Sociology Should Use Agent Based Modelling. Sociological Research Online 18 (3): 3. doi:10.5153/sro.3055.
Epstein, J. M. 2006: Generative Social Science: Studies in Agent-Based Computational Modeling. (Princeton University Press. Princeton) ISBN: 9781400842872
Epstein, J. M., and Axtell, R. L. 1996. Growing Artificial Societies. Social Science from the Bottom Up. (MIT Press. Boston) ISBN: 9780262050531
Hartmann, S. 1996: The World as a Process: Simulations in the Natural and Social Sciences. In: Modelling and Simulation in the Social Sciences from the Philosophy of Science Point of View. (Kluwer. Dordrecht) Online doi:10.1007/978-94-015-8686-3_5.
Mitchell, M. 2009: Complexity. A Guided Tour. (Oxford University Press. Oxford) ISBN: 978-0199798100
Lewin, R. 2000: Complexity: Life at the Edge of Chaos. (University of Chicago Press. Chicago) ISBN: 0226476545
Wilensky, U. and Rand, W. 2015: An Introduction to Agent-Based Modeling. Modeling Natural, Social, and Engineered Complex Systems with NetLogo. (MIT Press. London/Cambridge MA) ISBN: 9780262731898
Barceló, J.A. and Del Castillo, F. 2016. Simulating Prehistoric and Ancient Worlds. (Springer. Cham, Switzerland) ISBN: 978-3-319-31479-2 doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-31481-5
Barton, C.M. 2014: Complexity, Social Complexity, and Modeling. Journal of Archaeoligcal Method and Theory. 21. 306-324. doi:10.1007/s10816-013-9187-2.
Cegielski, W.H. and Rogers, J.D., 2016: Rethinking the role of Agent-Based Modeling in archaeology. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 41. 283–298. Paywall doi: 10.1016/j.jaa.2016.01.009
Costopoulos, A. and Lake, M. W. (Eds.) 2010: Simulating Change: Archaeology into the Twenty-First Century. (University of Utah Press. Salt Lake City) ISBN: 930-1-60781-036-0
Crabtree, S. A., Harris, K., Davies, B. and Romanowska, I. 2019: Outreach in Archaeology with Agent-Based Modeling: Part 3 of 3. Advances in Archaeological Practice 7 (2). 194–202. Online doi: 10.1017/aap.2019.4
Craenen, B., Theodoropoulos, G., Suryanarayanan, V., Gaffney, V., Murgatroyd, P., Haldon, J. 2010: Medieval military logistics: a case for distributed agent-based simulation. Proceedings of the 3rd International ICST Conference on Simulation Tools and Techniques (SIMUTools ‘10). ICST (Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering), Brussels, BEL, Article 6. 1–8. Online doi: 10.4108/ICST.SIMUTOOLS2010.8737
Davies, B., Romanowska, I., Harris, K. and Crabtree, S. A. 2019: Combining Geographic Information Systems and Agent-Based Models in Archaeology: Part 2 of 3. Advances in Archaeological Practice 7 (2). 185–93. Online doi:10.1017/aap.2019.5
Graham, S. 2017: On Games that Play Themselves: Agent based models, archaeogaming, and the useful deaths of digital Romans In: The Interactive Past. Archaeology, Heritage, and Video Games. (Sidestone Press. Leiden) 123-132. Online
Kohler, T. A. and van der Leeuw, S. E. (Eds.) 2007: The Model-Based Archaeology of Socionatural Systems. (AdvanceResearch Press. Santa Fe) ISBN: 9781930618879
Kohler, T. A. 2012: Complex Systems and Archaeology. In: Archaeological Theory Today. (Polity Press. Cambridge) Online
Lake, M.W. 2014: Trends in Archaeological Simulation. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 21. 258–287. Online doi: 10.1007/s10816-013-9188-1
Pardo-Gordó, S. 2017: Sistemas Complejos Adaptativos Y Simulación Computacional En Arqueología. Trabajos de Prehistoria 74 (1). 9–25. Online doi:10.3989/tp.2017.12181.
Premo, L.S. 2006: Agent-based models as behavioral laboratories for evolutionary anthropological research. Arizona Anthropologist 17. 91–113. Online
Rogers, J.D. 2017: Dynamic Trajectories, Adaptive Cycles, and Complexity in Culture Change. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 24. 1326-1355. Online doi: 10.1007/s10816-017-9314-6
Rogers, J.D. and Cegielski, W. H. 2017: Building a better past with the help of agent-based modeling. PNAS 114 (49). 12841-12844. Online doi: 10.1073/pnas.1718277114
Romanowska, I., Crabtree, S. A., Harris, K. and Davies, B. 2019: Agent-Based Modeling for Archaeologists: Part 1 of 3. Advances in Archaeological Practice 7 (2). 178–84. Online doi: 10.1017/aap.2019.6
Romanowska, I. 2015: So You Think You Can Model? A Guide to Building and Evaluating Archaeological Simulation Models of Dispersals. Human Biology Open Access Pre-Prints 79. Online
Whitley, T. G. 2016: Archaeological Simulation and the Testing Paradigm. In: Uncertainty and Sensitivity Analysis in Archaeological Computational Modeling (Springer International Publishing. Cham) doi:10.1007/978-3-319-27833-9.
Wurzer, G., Kowarik, K. and Reschreiter, H. 2015: Agent-based Modeling and Simulation in Archaeology. (Springer Berlin/New York) ISBN: 9783319000077
Netlogo, ecology: Railsback, S.F. and Grimm, V. 2011: Agent-Based and Individual-Based Modeling: A Practical Introduction. (Princeton University Press. Princeton) Downloables
Netlogo, geography: O’Sullivan, D. and Perry, G. 2013: Spatial Simulation: Exploring Pattern and Process. (Wiley-Blackwell. Chichester). Downloables
Netlogo, economics: Hamill, L. and Gilbert, N. 2016: Agent-based modelling in economics. (Wiley-Blackwell. Chichester). ISBN: 978-1-118-45607-1
Python: Downey, A.B. 2012: Think Complexity. (O’Reilly. Sebastopol, CA). Online
Altaweel, M., Alessa, M. N., Kliskey, A. Et al. 2010: A Framework to Structure Agent-Based Modeling Data for Social-Ecological Systems. Structure and Dynamics 4 (1). Online
Brouwer Burg, M., Peeters, H. and Lovis, W. A. (Eds.) 2016: Uncertainty and Sensitivity Analysis in Archaeological Computational Modeling. (Springer. Berlin/New York) ISBN: 9783319278315
Bullock, S. 2014: Levins and the Lure of Artificial Worlds. The Monist 97 (3): 301–20. Online
Davies, B., Romanowska, I. 2018: An Emergent Community? Agent Based Modelers in Archaeology. The SAA Archaeological Record 18 (2). 27–32. Online
Grimm, V., Berger, U. and DeAngelis, D. L. Et al. 2010: The ODD protocol: A review and first update. Ecological Modelling 221. 2760–2768. Online
Moss, S. 2008: Alternative Approaches to the Empirical Validation of Agent-Based Models. Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation 11 (15). 16. Online
Wilensky, U., and Rand, W. 2007: Making Models Match: Replicating an Agent-Based Model. Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation 10 (4) Online
Altaweel, M. 2006: Adressing the Structures and Dynamics of Modeled Human Ecologies. In: Digital Discovery: Exploring New Frontiers in Human Heritage. CAA, 30-41. Online
Altaweel, M. and Wu, Y. 2010: Route Selection and Pedestrian Traffic: Applying an Integrated Modeling Approach to Understanding Movement. Structure and Dynamics 4 (2). Online
Axtell, R. L., Epstein, J. M., Dean, J. S. Et al. 2002: Population Growth and Collapse in a Multiagent Model of the Kayenta Anasazi in Long House Valley. PNAS 99. 7275–79. Online
Angourakis, A., Rondelli, B., Stride, S. Et al. 2014: Land Use Patterns in Central Asia. Step 1: The Musical Chairs Model. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 21. 405–25. doi:10.1007/s10816-013-9197-0.
Angourakis, A., Santos, J.I., Galán, J.M., Balbo, A.L._ 2015: Food for all: An agent-based model to explore the emergence and implications of cooperation for food storage. Environmental Archaeology 20(4). 349-363 Online doi: 10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000041
Arikan, B. 2017: Crisis in the Highlands. Agent-based Modeling of the Early Bronze Age-I (ca. 4950-4700 cal. BP) Socio-economic Transformations at Arslantepe (Eastern Anatolia) In: Crisis to Collapse The Archaeology of Social Breakdown, AEGIS 11 (UCL Press. Louvain) 235-250.
Axtell, R. L., Epstein, J. M., Dean, J. S. Et al. 2002: Population Growth and Collapse in a Multiagent Model of the Kayenta Anasazi in Long House Valley. PNAS 99. 7275–79. Online
Barcelo, J. A., Del Castillo Bernal, F., del Olmo, R. Et al. 2014: Social Interaction in Hunter-Gatherer Societies. Simulating the Consequences of Cooperation and Social Aggregation. Social Science Computer Review 32(3). 417-436 Online doi: 10.1177/0894439313511943
Barcelo, J. A., Del Castillo Bernal, F., and Capuzzo, G. Et al. 2015: Explaining the Adoption of ‘Innovations’ in Western Europe During Bronze Age: Towards an Agent-Based Simulation In: CAA 2014 - 21st Century Archaeology. Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Conference on Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology (Archaeopress. Oxford) 623-630.
Barcelo, J. A., Del Castillo Bernal, F., del Olmo, R. Et al. 2015: Simulating Patagonian Territoriality in Prehistory: Space, Frontiers and Networks among Hunter-Gatherers In: Agent-based Modeling and Simulation in Archaeology (Springer. Berlin) 217–256.
Barton, C. M., Ullah, I. I., and Bergin, S. 2010: Land Use, Water and Mediterranean Landscapes: Modelling Long-Term Dynamics of Complex Socio-Ecological Systems. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A 368(1931). 5275–97. doi: 10.1098/rsta.2010.0193
Bentley, R. A., Lake, M. W. and Shennan, S. J. 2005: Specialisation and Wealth Inequality in a Model of a Clustered Economic Network. Journal of Archaeological Science 32. 1346-56. doi: 10.1016/j.jas.2005.03.008
Brantingham, P. J. 2003: A Neutral Model of Stone Raw Material Procurement. American Antiquity 68 (1). 487–509. doi:10.2307/3557105. Online
Briz i Godino, I., Santos, J.I., Galán, J.M., Caro, J., Álvarez, M., Zurro, D. 2014: Social Cooperation and Resource Management Dynamics among Late Hunter-Fisher-Gatherer Societies in Tierra del Fuego (South America). Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 21(2). 343-363 Online doi: 10.1007/s10816-013-9194-3
Brughmans, T., and J. Poblome. 2016: Roman Bazaar or Market Economy? Explaining Tableware Distributions in the Roman East through Computational Modelling. Antiquity 90 (350). 393–408. doi:10.15184/aqy.2016.35.
Cioffi-Revilla, C., Honeychurch, W. and Rogers, J.D. 2015: MASON Hierarchies: A Long-Range Agent Model of Power, Conflict, and Environment in Inner Asia. In: The Complexity of Interaction Along the Eurasian Steppe Zone in the First Millennium CE. (Bonn University Press. Bonn) 89-113.
Castillo, F. Del and Barceló, J.A. 2009: Why Hunter and Gatherers did not Die More Often? Simulating Prehistoric Decision Making. In: Archaeology in the Digital Era. CAA 2012. (Amsterdam University Press. Amsterdam) 154–163. Online
Callegari, S., J. D. Weissmann, N. Tkachenko, Et al. 2013: An Agent-Based Model of Human Dispersals At a Global Scale Advances in Complex Systems 16. 1350023. doi:10.1142/S0219525913500239.
Castillo, F. Del and Barceló, J.A., Mameli, L, Et al. 2014: Modeling Mechanisms of Cultural Diversity and Ethnicity in Hunter–Gatherers Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 21(2). 364–384 Online doi: 10.1007/s10816-013-9199-y
Clark, J. and Crabtree, S. 2015: Examining Social Adaptations in a Volatile Landscape in Northern Mongolia via the Agent-Based Model Ger Grouper. Land 4. 157–81. Online
Cockburn, D., S. A. Crabtree, Z. Kobti, Et al. 2013: Simulating Social and Economic Specialization in Small-Scale Agricultural Societies. Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation 16 (4). 4. Online
Crabtree, S. 2016: Simulating Littoral Trade: Modeling the Trade of Wine in the Bronze to Iron Age Transition in Southern France. Land 5 (1). 5. Online doi:10.3390/land5010005.
Crabtree, S. A., Bocinsky, R. K., Hooper, P. L., Ryan, S. C., and Kohler, T. A. 2017: How to make a polity (in the central mesa verde region). American Antiquity 82(1). 71–95. doi:10.1017/aaq.2016.18.
Crema, E. R. 2014: A Simulation Model of Fission – Fusion Dynamics and Long-Term Settlement Change. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 21. 385–404. doi:10.1007/s10816-013-9185-4.
Crema, E. R. and Lake, M. W. 2015: Cultural Incubators and Spread of Innovation. Human Biology 87 (3). 151-68. Online
Cuthbert, M.O., Gleeson, T., Reynolds, S.C., Et al. 2017: Modelling the role of groundwater hydro-refugia in East African hominin evolution and dispersal. Nature Communications 8. 15696. doi:10.1038/ncomms15696.
Davies, B. and Bickler, S. H. 2015: Sailing the Simulated Seas: A New Simulation for Evaluating Prehistoric Seafaring. In: Across Space and Time. (Amsterdam University Press. Amsterdam) Online
Davies, B., Holdaway, S. J. and Fanning, P. C. 2015: Modelling the Palimpsest: An Exploratory Agent-Based Model of Surface Archaeological Deposit Formation in a Fluvial Arid Australian Landscape. The Holocene October 19. 1–14. Online doi:10.1177/0959683615609754.
Dean, J. S., Gumerman, G. J. and Epstein, J. M. Et al. 1999: Unterstanding Anasazi Culture Change Through Agent-Based Modelling. In: Dynamics in Human and PrimateSocieties. Agent-Based Modeling of social and spatial processes. (Oxford University press Oxford) 179-207.
Doran, J. 2005: Iruba: An Agent-Based Model of the Guerrilla War Process. In: Representing Social Reality. 198–205. Online
Doran, J., Palmer, M., and Gilbert, N. Et al. 1994: The EOS Project: Modeling Upper Paleolithic Social Change. In: ArtificialSocieties (UCL Press. London) 195-221.
Ewert, U. C., Sunder. , M. 2018: Modelling Maritime Trade Systems: Agent-Based Simulation and Medieval History. Historical Social Research 43. 110–43. Paywall doi:10.12759/hsr.43.2018.1.110-143.
Ginn, V. R. 2016: Mapping Society: Settlement Structure in Later Bronze Age Ireland. (ArchaeoPress. Oxford) ISBN: 9781784912437 Contents
Graham, S. 2005: Agent-based modeling, archaeology and social organisation: The robustness of Rome. The Archaeological Computing Newsletter 63. 1-6. Online
Graham, S. 2006: Networks, Agent-Based Models and the Antonine Itineraries: Implications for Roman Archaeology. Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 19 (1). 45–64. Online doi:10.1558/jmea.2006.19.1.45.
Graham, S. 2009: Behaviour Space: Simulating Roman Social Life and Civil Violence. Digital Studies/Le champ numérique, 1(2). Online
Graham, S. and Steiner, J. 2006: TravellerSim: Growing Settlement Structures and Territories with Agent-Based Modeling In: Digital Discovery: Exploring New Frontiers in Human Heritagge. (CAA) 57-67. Online
Graham, S. and Weingart, S. 2015: The Equifinality of Archaeological Networks: an Agent-Based Exploratory Lab Approach. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 22. 248-274. Abstract
Gravel-Miguel, C., 2018: The Magdalenian Environmental and Social Contexts of Le Placard, In: The grotte du Placard at 150. New Considerations on an Exceptional Prehistoric Site. (Archaeopress Oxford) 157-169.
Gravel-Miguel, C. and Wren, C. D. 2018: Agent-based least-cost path analysis and the diffusion of Cantabrian Lower Magdalenian engraved scapulae. Journal of Archaeological Science 99. 1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jas.2018.08.014.
Griffith, C.S., Long, B.L., Sept J.M. 2010: HOMINIDS: An agent-based spatial simulation model to evaluate behavioral patterns of early Pleistocene hominids. Ecological Modelling 221(5). 738-760. doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.11.009.
Griffin, A. F. and Stanish, C. 2007: An Agent-based Model of Prehistoric Settlement Patterns and Political Consolidation in the Lake Titicaca Basin of Peru and Bolivia. Structure and Dynamics, 2(2). Online
Heckbert, S. 2013: MayaSim: An Agent-Based Model of the Ancient Maya Social-Ecological System. Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation 16 (4). 11. Online
Janssen, M. A. 2009: Understanding ArtificialAnasazi. Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation 12(4). 13. Online
Kowarik, K., Reschreiter H., and Wurzer G. 2010: Modeling a mine. Agentbased Modeling, System dynamics and Experimental Archaeology applied to the Bronze Age Saltmines of Hallstatt. In: Mining in European History. (SFB HiMAT Innsbruck) 44-53. Online
Lake, M. 2000: MAGICAL Computer Simulation of Mesolithic Foraging. In: Dynamics in Human and Primate Societies: Agent-Based Modeling of Social and Spatial Processes. (Oxford University Press) 107–143.Online
Lake, M. 2001: The use of pedestrian modelling in archaeology, with an example from the study of cultural learning. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 28(3). 385–403. doi:10.1068/b2726.Online
Mesoudi, A., O’Brien, M. J. 2008: The Cultural Transmission of Great Basin Projectile-Point Technology II: An Agent-Based Computer Simulation. American Antiquity 73(4). 627–644. Online
Mithen, S. and Reed, M. 2002: Stepping out: a computer simulation of hominid dispersal from Africa. Journal of Human Evolution 43 (4). 433-62. doi: 10.1006/jhev.2002.0584
Morrison, A. E., Allen, M. S. 2017: Agent-based modelling, molluscan population dynamics, and archaeomalacology. Quaternary International 427. 170–183. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2015.09.004. Online
Murgatroyd, P., Craenen, B., Theodoropoulos, G., Gaffney, V., and Haldon, J. 2012: Modelling medieval military logistics: an agent-based simulation of a Byzantine army on the march. Comput Math Organ Theory 18. 488–506. Online doi: 10.1007/s10588-011-9103-9
Ortega, D., Ibañez, J.J., Khalidi, L. and Méndez, V. 2014: Towards a Multi-Agent-Based Modelling of Obsidian Exchange in the Neolithic Near East. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 21. 461–85. doi:10.1007/s10816-013-9196-1.
Pereda, M., Zurro, D., Santos, J.I., Briz i Godino, I., Álvarez, A., Caro, J., Galán, J.M. 2017: Emergence and Evolution of Cooperation Under Resource Pressure. Scientific Reports 7 45574. Online doi:10.1038/srep45574
Poza, D., del Olmo, R. 2014: Agent-Based Modelling and Archaeological Complexity. In: Managing Complexity (Springer) Online
Premo, L. S. 2008: Exploring behavioral terrain cognita with archaeological agent-based models. In: BeyondIllustration: 2D and 3D Technologies as Tools ofD iscovery in Archaeology. BAR 1805 (ArchaeoPress Oxford) 46-56.
Premo, L. S. and Kuhn, S. L. 2010: Modeling Effects of Local Extinctions on Culture Change and Diversity in the Paleolithic. PLoS One 5 (12). e15582 Online
Romanowska, I., Gamble, C., Bullock, S. and Sturt, F. 2017: Dispersal and the Movius Line: Testing the Effect of Dispersal on Population Density through Simulation. Quaternary International 431. 53–63. doi: 0.1016/j.quaint.2016.01.016
Rogers, J.D., Cioffi-Revilla C., and Linford, S.J. 2015: The Sustainability of Wealth Among Nomads: Methods in Agent-Based Modeling. In: Mathematics in Archaeology. (CRC Press. London) 431-447.
Rogers, J.D., Nichols, T., Emmerich, T., Latek, M., and Cioffi-Revilla, C. 2012: Modeling Scale and Variability in Human-Environmental Interactions in Inner Asia. Ecological Modelling 241. 5-14. doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2011.11.025.
Rubio Campillo, X., Cela, J.-M. and Hernàndez Cardona, F. X. 2012: Simulating Archaeologists? Using Agent-Based Modelling to Improve Battlefield Excavations. Journal of Archaeological Science 39 (2). 347–56. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2011.09.020.
Santos, J.I., Pereda, M., Zurro, D., Alvarez, M., Caro, J., Galán, J.M., Briz I Godino, I. 2015: Effect of Resource Spatial Correlation and Hunter-Fisher-Gatherer Mobility on Social Cooperation in Tierra del Fuego. PloS One 10(4). e0121888. Online doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0121888
Scherjon, F. 2013: SteppingIn - Modern Humans Moving into Europe - Implementation. In: Proceedings of the 40th CAA. (Pallas Publications. Amsterdam) Online
Snitker, G., 2018: Identifying natural and anthropogenic drivers of prehistoric fire regimes through simulated charcoal records. Journal of Archaeological Science 95. 1-15. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2018.04.009 Online
Snyder, J.R., Dilaver, O., Stephenson, L.C., Mackie, J.E., Smith., S.D. 2017: Agent-Based Modelling and Construction – Reconstructing Antiquity’s Largest Infrastructure Project. Construction Management and Economics 36 (6). 313-327. Paywall doi:10.1080/01446193.2017.1403639.
Turchin, P., Currie, T. E., Turner, E. A. L. and Gavrilets, S. 2013: War, space, and the evolution of Old World complex societies. PNAS 111 (41). Abstract
Vegvari, C. and Foley, R., 2014: High selection pressure promotes increase in cumulative adaptive culture. PloS One, 9(1). p.e86406. Online
Wilkinson, T. J. Et al. 2007: Modeling Settlement Systems in a dynamic Environment, Case Studies from Mesopotamia. In: The Model-Based Archaeology of Socionatural Systems. (AdvanceResearch Press. Santa Fe) 175-208.
Wren, C. D., Xue, J. Z., Costopoulos, A. and Burke A. 2014: The Role of Spatial Foresight in Models of Hominin Dispersal. Journal of Human Evolution 69. 70–78. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.02.004.
NetLogo: Is an agent-based programming language and integrated modeling environment. It is widely used and considered very user-friendly. wikipedia entry
RePast: Is a collection of modeling and simulation platforms that utilize Java and C++.
GAMA: Is an agent-based modeling and simulation environment, providing an user-friendly modeling language. It is recognized for its easiness to integrate GIS data in models and be used for big and complex models.
Python: A general use programming language. Easy to learn and very flexible. Free and open source.